Machine-outils – Sécurité – Machines à scier
les métaux à froid
(ISO 16093:2017)

Werkzeugmaschinen – Sicherheit – Sägemaschinen
für die Kaltbearbeitung von Metall
(ISO 16093:2017)

Obsah

Contents

Strana

Page

Předmluva.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 9

Úvod...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10

1......... Předmět normy....................................................................................................................................................................... 11

2......... Citované dokumenty............................................................................................................................................................. 11

3......... Termíny a definice................................................................................................................................................................. 13

4......... Seznam významných nebezpečí........................................................................................................................................ 16

4.1...... Obecně..................................................................................................................................................................................... 16

4.2...... Hlavní zóny nebezpečí.......................................................................................................................................................... 16

5......... Bezpečnostní požadavky a/nebo ochranná opatření...................................................................................................... 24

5.1...... Obecné požadavky................................................................................................................................................................ 24

5.1.1... Požadavky na ochranný kryt pro všechny typy pil........................................................................................................... 24

5.1.2... Režimy provozu...................................................................................................................................................................... 25

5.1.3... Požadavky na ovládací systém........................................................................................................................................... 26

5.2...... Typy strojů popsaných v tomto dokumentu...................................................................................................................... 31

5.2.1... Pásové pily.............................................................................................................................................................................. 31

5.2.2... Kotoučové pily........................................................................................................................................................................ 36

5.2.3... Rámová pila – Vodorovná – otočný typ............................................................................................................................. 42

5.3...... Specifické požadavky bezpečnostní ochrany
podle typu................................................................................................................................................................................ 43

5.3.1... Pásové pily (viz obrázky 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 a 8).................................................................................................................. 43

5.3.2... Kotoučové pily (viz obrázky 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15 a 16).................................................................................................................................................................................... 44

5.3.3... Rámové pily (viz obrázek 17).............................................................................................................................................. 48

5.4...... Ostatní mechanická nebezpečí........................................................................................................................................... 48

5.4.1... Mechanické elementy strojního převodu.......................................................................................................................... 48

5.4.2... Zařízení pro upnutí řezaného materiálu............................................................................................................................ 48

5.4.3... Strojně ovládané upínací zařízení řezaného materiálu.................................................................................................. 49

5.4.4... Strojně ovládané zakládání/odebírání řezaného materiálu a podávací zařízení...................................................... 50

5.4.5... Systémy sběru a odvádění špon/třísek.............................................................................................................................. 50

5.4.6... Preventivní údržba................................................................................................................................................................. 51

5.5...... Elektrická nebezpečí............................................................................................................................................................. 51

5.6...... Tepelná nebezpečí................................................................................................................................................................ 51

5.7...... Nebezpečí vytvářená hlukem.............................................................................................................................................. 51

5.7.1... Snížení hluku ve zdroji.......................................................................................................................................................... 51

5.7.2... Snížení hluku na převodových drahách............................................................................................................................ 52

5.8...... Nebezpečí vytvářená vibracemi.......................................................................................................................................... 53

5.9...... Nebezpečí vytvářená zpracovávanými materiály a látkami.......................................................................................... 53

Foreword................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................................. 10

1......... Scope.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 11

2......... Normative references.............................................................................................................................................................. 11

3......... Terms and definitions.............................................................................................................................................................. 13

4......... List of significant hazards....................................................................................................................................................... 16

4.1...... General....................................................................................................................................................................................... 16

4.2...... Main hazard zones................................................................................................................................................................... 16

5......... Safety requirements and/or protective measures.............................................................................................................. 24

5.1...... General requirements.............................................................................................................................................................. 24

5.1.1... Guard requirements for all types of sawing machines..................................................................................................... 24

5.1.2... Modes of operation.................................................................................................................................................................. 25

5.1.3... Control system requirements................................................................................................................................................. 26

5.2...... Machine types described in this document......................................................................................................................... 31

5.2.1... Band-sawing machines........................................................................................................................................................... 31

5.2.2... Circular sawing machines...................................................................................................................................................... 36

5.2.3... Hack-sawing machines – Horizontal-pivot type................................................................................................................. 42

5.3...... Type-specific safeguarding requirements........................................................................................................................... 43

5.3.1... Band-sawing machines (see Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7 and 8).................................................................................................................................................................................. 43

5.3.2... Circular sawing machines (see Figures 9, 10, 11,
12, 13, 14, 15 and 16).............................................................................................................................................................. 44

5.3.3... Hack-sawing machines (see Figure 17).............................................................................................................................. 48

5.4...... Other mechanical hazards...................................................................................................................................................... 48

5.4.1... Mechanical power transmission elements.......................................................................................................................... 48

5.4.2... Work material holding devices............................................................................................................................................... 48

5.4.3... Power-operated work material clamping devices.............................................................................................................. 49

5.4.4... Power-operated work material loading/unloading
and feeding devices................................................................................................................................................................. 50

5.4.5... Swarf/chip collection and removal systems........................................................................................................................ 50

5.4.6... Preventive maintenance......................................................................................................................................................... 51

5.5...... Electrical hazards..................................................................................................................................................................... 51

5.6...... Thermal hazards....................................................................................................................................................................... 51

5.7...... Hazards generated by noise.................................................................................................................................................. 51

5.7.1... Reduction of noise at source.................................................................................................................................................. 51

5.7.2... Reduction of noise on transmission paths........................................................................................................................... 52

5.8...... Hazards generated by vibration............................................................................................................................................. 53

5.9...... Hazards generated by materials or substances processed............................................................................................. 53

Strana

5.9.1... Nebezpečí způsobená kontaktem s nimi nebo inhalací škodlivých kapalin, plynů, mlhy, dýmů a prachu.......... 53

5.9.2... Minimalizace biologických a mikrobiologických nebezpečí v řezných kapalinách.................................................. 54

5.9.3... Špony a čistota....................................................................................................................................................................... 55

5.10.... Nebezpečí vytvářená zanedbáním ergonomických zásad v konstrukci strojního zařízení..................................... 55

5.10.1 Zamezení nezdravého držení těla...................................................................................................................................... 55

5.10.2 Nedostatečná pozornost anatomii ruka-paže
nebo nohy................................................................................................................................................................................ 55

5.10.3 Nedostatečné místní osvětlení............................................................................................................................................ 55

5.10.4 Lidské chyby, lidské chování............................................................................................................................................... 56

5.10.5 Nevyhovující konstrukce, umístění nebo
identifikace ručních ovládání............................................................................................................................................... 56

5.10.6 Nevyhovující konstrukce nebo umístění zobrazovacích jednotek................................................................................ 56

5.11.... Neočekávané spuštění, neočekávaný přeběh/překročení rychlosti............................................................................. 56

5.11.1 Porucha/potíže ovládacího systému.................................................................................................................................. 56

5.11.2 Obnova dodávky energie po přerušení............................................................................................................................. 56

5.11.3 Vnější vlivy na elektrické vybavení..................................................................................................................................... 57

5.12.... Chyby montáže...................................................................................................................................................................... 57

5.13.... Padání nebo vymrštění předmětů nebo kapalin.............................................................................................................. 57

5.13.1 Zachycení řezaného materiálu, třísek a kapalin.............................................................................................................. 57

5.13.2 Vymrštění částí – Pevnost ochranného krytu.................................................................................................................... 57

5.14.... Ztráta stability/převrácení strojního zařízení...................................................................................................................... 58

5.15.... Uklouznutí, zakopnutí a pád osob....................................................................................................................................... 58

5.15.1 Obecné požadavky................................................................................................................................................................ 58

5.15.2 Kontaminace podlah............................................................................................................................................................. 58

5.15.3 Vysoké části stroje, které musí být přístupné
pro údržbu nebo odstraňování potíží.................................................................................................................................. 58

5.16.... Ověření bezpečnostních požadavků
a/nebo opatření...................................................................................................................................................................... 59

6......... Informace pro použití............................................................................................................................................................ 59

6.1...... Značení.................................................................................................................................................................................... 59

6.2...... Návod k použití....................................................................................................................................................................... 59

6.3...... Deklarace o hluku.................................................................................................................................................................. 61

Příloha A (normativní) Měření emise hluku................................................................................................................................... 62

Příloha B (normativní) Zkušební podmínky pro měření hladiny hluku pil a specifikace řezaného
materiálu.................................................................................................................................................................................. 64

Příloha C (informativní) Příklady ochranných krytů
pro kotoučové pily.................................................................................................................................................................. 70

Příloha D (informativní) Příklady stanovení úrovně vlastností................................................................................................... 75

Příloha ZA (informativní) Vztah mezi touto evropskou normou a základními požadavky směrnice
EU 2006/42/ES o strojních zařízeních, které mají
být pokryty................................................................................................................................................................................ 82

Bibliografie........................................................................................................................................................................................... 83

Page

5.9.1... Hazards from contact with or inhalation
of harmful fluids, gases, mists, fumes and dusts............................................................................................................... 53

5.9.2... Minimizing biological and microbiological hazards
in metalworking fluids.............................................................................................................................................................. 54

5.9.3... Swarf and cleanability............................................................................................................................................................. 55

5.10.... Hazards generated by neglect of ergonomic principles in machinery design............................................................. 55

5.10.1 Avoidance of unhealthy posture, excessive effort, fatigue and repetitive strain.......................................................... 55

5.10.2 Inadequate consideration of hand-arm or foot-leg anatomy........................................................................................... 55

5.10.3 Inadequate local lighting......................................................................................................................................................... 55

5.10.4 Human error, human behaviour............................................................................................................................................ 56

5.10.5 Inadequate design, location or identification
of manual controls.................................................................................................................................................................... 56

5.10.6 Inadequate design or location of visual display units........................................................................................................ 56

5.11.... Unexpected start up, unexpected overrun/over-speed..................................................................................................... 56

5.11.1 Failure/disorder of the control system.................................................................................................................................. 56

5.11.2 Restoration of energy supply after an interruption............................................................................................................. 56

5.11.3 External influences on the electrical equipment................................................................................................................ 57

5.12.... Errors of fitting........................................................................................................................................................................... 57

5.13.... Falling or ejected objects or fluids......................................................................................................................................... 57

5.13.1 Containment of work material, chips and fluids................................................................................................................. 57

5.13.2 Ejection of parts – Guard strength......................................................................................................................................... 57

5.14.... Loss of stability/overturning of machinery........................................................................................................................... 58

5.15.... Slip, trip and fall of persons.................................................................................................................................................... 58

5.15.1 General requirements.............................................................................................................................................................. 58

5.15.2 Contamination of floors........................................................................................................................................................... 58

5.15.3 High parts of the machine which shall be
accessible for maintenance or trouble shooting................................................................................................................ 58

5.16.... Verification of safety requirements
and/or measures....................................................................................................................................................................... 59

6......... Information for use................................................................................................................................................................... 59

6.1...... Markings..................................................................................................................................................................................... 59

6.2...... Instruction handbook................................................................................................................................................................ 59

6.3...... Noise declaration...................................................................................................................................................................... 61

Annex A (normative) Noise emission measurement..................................................................................................................... 62

Annex B (normative) Test conditions for measurement
of noise level at sawing machines and work
material specifications............................................................................................................................................................. 64

Annex C (informative) Examples of guards for circular sawing machines............................................................................... 70

Annex D (informative) Examples for the determination
of the performance level......................................................................................................................................................... 75

Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered.......................................................................................................................................... 82

Úvod

Introduction

Tento dokument je norma typu C, jak je stanoveno v ISO 12100.

This document is a type-C standard as stated in ISO 12100.

Tento dokument je důležitý zejména pro následující zájmové skupiny představující poptávku s ohledem na bezpečnost strojních zařízení:

This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market players with regard to machinery safety:

‒    výrobci stroje (malé, střední a velké podniky);

‒    machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);

‒    orgány ochrany zdraví a bezpečnosti (regulační organizace, organizace ochrany zdraví, organizace dozorující nad trhem, atd.).

‒    health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organisations, market surveillance, etc.)

Ostatní mohou být ovlivněny úrovní bezpečnosti strojního zařízení dosažené pomocí dokumentu výše uvedených zájmových skupin:

Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the abovementioned stakeholder groups:

‒    uživatelé stroje/zaměstnavatelé (malé, střední a velké podniky);

‒    machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);

‒    uživatelé stroje/zaměstnanci (např. obchodní spo-
lečnosti, organizace pro lidi se speciálními potře-
bami);

‒    machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);

‒    poskytovatelé služeb, např. údržba (malé, střední a velké podniky);

‒    service providers, e. g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);

‒    spotřebitelé (v případě strojního zařízení určeného pro použití spotřebiteli).

‒    consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).

Výše uvedené zájmové skupiny dostaly možnost podílet se na přípravě tohoto dokumentu.

The above mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting process of this document.

Příslušná strojní zařízení a do jaké míry jsou vystaveny nebezpečí, nebezpečným situacím nebo nebezpeč-
ným událostem jsou indikovány v předmětu normy tohoto dokumentu.

The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events are indicated in the scope of this document.

Pokud požadavky této normy typu C jsou odlišná od těch, která jsou uvedena v normách typu A nebo B, pak požadavky této normy typu C mají přednost před ustanoveními jiných norem pro takové stroje, které byly navrženy a vyrobeny v souladu s požadavky této normy typu C.

When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C standard.

1 Předmět normy

1 Scope

Tento dokument se zabývá všemi významnými nebez-
pečími, nebezpečnými situacemi a událostmi pil, jak je stanoveno v kapitole 3, jejich primární zamýšlené použití je pro řezání studeného kovu (železného a neželez-
ného) nebo materiálu částečně ze studeného kovu a za podmínek zneužití, které výrobce může rozumně předpokládat (viz kapitola 4).

This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events to sawing machines as defined in Clause 3, whose primary intended use is for sawing cold metal (ferrous and non-ferrous), or material partly of cold metal and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Clause 4).

Tento dokument platí pro (kovové) pily, které byly vyrobeny po datu vydání tohoto dokumentu.

This document is applicable to (metal) sawing machines which are manufactured after the date of publication of this document.

Pokud se uváží dostatečné zpracování (tj. frézování, vrtání, značení, dokončovací operace), může tento dokument sloužit jako základ pro bezpečnostní požadavky. Pro podrobnější informace viz bibliografie.

When additional processing (i.e. milling, boring, marking, finishing operation, etc.) is considered, this document can serve as a basis for safety requirements. For more detailed information, refer to the bibliography.

Tento dokument se zabývá nebezpečím hluku, ale neposkytuje úplný kód zkoušky hluku. Cílem je vytvořit tento kód v příští revizi tohoto dokumentu.

This document deals with noise hazards but does not provide a full noise test code. It is intended to draft such a code in the next revision of this document.

Tento dokument neobsahuje požadavky a bezpeč-
nostní opatření pro nebezpečí požáru a výbuchu. Cílem je vypořádat se s nimi v příští revizi tohoto dokumentu.

This document does not include requirements and safety measures for fire and explosion hazards. It is intended to deal with them in the next revision of this document.